The digital transformation is driving an information revolution that will be as important as the agricultural and the industrial revolutions. Talent will be important for world powers instead of oil, agricultural land, or other material resources.China¡¯s top government officials understand this and are focused on improving university education in China.This talk will discuss the ongoing effort to improve education in China.
Ëæ×ÅÖÇÄÜʱ´úµÄµ½À´¡¢²úÒµºÍ²úÒµ´´ÐÂÌåϵ½«·¢Éú¾Þ´óµÄ±ä¸ï¡£Ö®Ç°ÓÉ´ó¹«Ë¾»òÕß¹ú¼Ê´ó¹«Ë¾Ö÷µ¼µÄ¼¼ÊõºÍ²úÆ·´´Ð¸ü¶àµÄתÏòÓɳõ´´ÆóÒµ»òÕßÖÐСÆóÒµÖ÷µ¼¡£Ñ§ÔºÅÉ´´Òµ½«Öð½¥³ÉΪ²úÒµ´´ÐÂÖ÷Á¦¾ü¡£´´ÐÂÈ˲ÅÅàÑøÒÔ¼°´´Òµ·õ»¯½«³ÉΪÖÇÄÜʱ´úо¼Ã·¢Õ¹µÄºËÐÄ¡£ÎÒ½«Öصã½éÉÜËÉɽºþ»úÆ÷È˲úÒµ»ùµØÓëÏã¸Û¿Æ¼¼´óѧ»úÆ÷ÈËÑо¿ËùÔÚ̽Ë÷ÆóÒµ·õ»¯ºÍй¤¿ÆÈ˲ÅÅàÑøµÈ·½ÃæµÄһЩ¾ÑéÌå»á¡£
ACM/IEEE CC2020ÊÇÓÉACMºÍIEEE-CSÁªºÏ×é֯ȫÇò¼ÆËã»ú½ÌÓýר¼Ò¹²Í¬Öƶ¨µÄ¼ÆËã»úÀàרҵ¿Î³ÌÌåϵ¹æ·¶£¬¾ßÓкܸߵÄȨÍþÐÔ¡£ÊǹúÄÚÍâÒ»Á÷¼ÆËã»ú×¨ÒµÖÆ¶¨¿Î³ÌÌåϵʱµÄÖØÒªÖ¸µ¼¡£CC2020Ö¼ÔÚͨ¹ý¶ÔCC2005¿Î³ÌÌåϵ½øÐа汾¸üУ¬Ñо¿µ±Ç°¼ÆËãÁìÓòµÄ¿Î³ÌÉè¼Æ£¬²¢Ìṩ½Ìѧָµ¼·½Õ룬ÒÔÓ¦¶ÔδÀ´¼ÆËã½ÌÓýÃæÁÙµÄÌôÕ½¡£CC2020²ÉÓá°Ê¤ÈÎÁ¦¡±£¨Competency£©£¬ÈÚºÏ֪ʶ£¨Knowledge£©¡¢¼¼ÄÜ£¨Skills£©ºÍÆ·ÐУ¨Dispositions£©Èý¸ö·½ÃæµÄ×ÛºÏÄÜÁ¦ÅàÑø£¬¼ÓÇ¿Á˶ÔÖ°ÒµËØÑø¡¢ÍŶӾ«ÉñµÈ·½ÃæµÄÒªÇó¡£±¾ÂÛ̳½«Ì½ÌÖCC2020µÄ·¢²¼¶ÔÖйú¼ÆËã»úרҵ½ÌÓýµÄÆô·¢¡£
ÊÀ½ç´¦ÓÚ´ó±ä¾ÖµÄʱ´ú£¬»¥ÁªÍøÕýÔÚÉî¿ÌµØ¸Ä±ä×ÅÈËÀàºÍÉç»á£¬Êý×Ö»¯×ªÐÍÒµÒѳÉΪһ¸ö²»¿É×èµ²µÄÇ÷ÊÆ¡£Êý×Ö»¯±¾ÖÊÉϾÍÊÇÊý¾Ý»¯ºÍÊýÖÇ»¯£¬Êý¾ÝÊÇÍòÎﻥÁªµÄÇÅÁººÍý½é£¬¸üÊÇÐÂÒ»´úÈ˹¤ÖÇÄܵĻù´¡£¬ÊÇ´Ù³ÉתÐ͵Äж¯Á¦£¨New Power£©¡£ÐÂÐÍÐÅÏ¢¼¼ÊõµÄÖØÒªÌØÕ÷¾ÍÊÇ´Ó¡°ÒÔ¼ÆËãΪÖÐÐÄ¡±Ïò¡°ÒÔÊý¾ÝΪÖÐÐÄ¡±×ª±ä¡£ÎÒÃÇ´¦ÔÚÒ»¸öеļ¼ÊõÆðµã£¬ÐÂʱÆÚµÄ¼ÆËã»ú¿ÆÑ§½ÌÓý²»½ö½öÊÇ´«Í³µÄרҵ½ÌÓý£¬Ò²ÊÇÒ»³¡ÐÂµÄÆôÃÉÔ˶¯£¬»á´øÀ´ÐµĿÆÑ§¡¢ÀíÐÔºÍÈ˱¾Ö÷Ò壬ɿ¼°ÈËÀàµÄÈÏÖªºÍÒâʶµÄ¸Ä±ä¡£
ÎÒ¹úÓ¦¸Ã½¨Á¢ÐµÄÐÅÏ¢¼¼Ä¾Ìåϵ£¬Ä¿Ç°ÒÑÈ¡µÃÁ˲»ÉÙ½øÕ¹¡£¼ÆËã»úרҵӦµ±½ÌÊÚѧÉú¡°Ô족¼ÆËã»ú £¬¶ø²»½öÊÇ¡°Óá±¼ÆËã»úµÄÄÜÁ¦ ¡£ ¼ÆËã»ú½ÌѧӦµ±¼ÓǿѧÉúÒÔCPUºÍ²Ù×÷ϵͳΪ´ú±íµÄ»ù´¡ÄÜÁ¦µÄÅàÑø¡£
¿ªÔ´Èí¼þÒѾÔÚ¸÷ÐÐÒµµÃµ½´óÁ¿Ó¦Óã¬Ò²¶Ô¿ÆÑд´ÐºͲúÒµ·¢Õ¹Æðµ½ÖØÒª×÷Óá£ÎÒ¹úÒѾÊÇ¿ªÔ´Ê¹ÓõÚÒ»´ó¹ú£¬µ«»¹Ã»ÓÐÍê³ÉÏò¿ªÔ´¹±Ï×´ó¹úµÄת±ä£¬ÇÒ¹úÄÚ¿ªÔ´»·¾³¶Ì°åÃ÷ÏÔ¡£ÆóÒµ¶ÔÁ˽⿪ԴÈí¼þµÄÈ˲ÅÐèÇóÔö³¤Ò²·Ç³£Ñ¸ÃÍ¡£ÕâЩ¶¼´ÙʹÎÒÃÇ˼¿¼¿ªÔ´ÈçºÎºÍ¼ÆËã»ú½ÌÓý½øÐнáºÏ¡£±¾±¨¸æ½«½éÉÜ»ªÎª¹«Ë¾¶Ô¿ªÔ´ºÍ¸ßУ¼°¿ÆÑлú¹¹È˲ÅÅàÑøµÄ˼¿¼ºÍʵ¼ù¡£
Ëæ×ÅÇø¿éÁ´¼¼ÊõºÍ½ðÈڿƼ¼µÄ·¢Õ¹£¬Çø¿éÁ´È˲ÅÐèÇó³ÖÐøÍúÊ¢¡£ÈçºÎÅàÑøÇø¿éÁ´×¨ÒµÈ˲ųÉΪµ±Ç°¹Ø×¢µÄ½¹µã¡£ÔÚ·ÖÎöÇø¿éÁ´¼¼ÊõÌØÕ÷ºÍ½ðÈڿƼ¼·¢Õ¹ÏÖ×´µÄ»ù´¡ÉÏ£¬ÒÔÇø¿éÁ´¹¤³ÌרҵºÍ½ðÈڿƼ¼×¨Òµ½¨ÉèΪ±³¾°£¬ÒԿγ̽¨É衢רҵ½¨ÉèºÍÈ˲ÅÐèÇóµÄ½Ç¶ÈÌá³öÁËÎÒ¹úÇø¿éÁ´Óë½ðÈڿƼ¼×¨ÒµÈ˲ÅÅàÑøµÄÐÂģʽ¡£
Ϊ¼Ó¿ìÎÒ¹ú¼ÆËã»úÀàרҵ½¨ÉèÓë½ÌÓý¸Ä¸ï£¬Ìá¸ß¼ÆËã»úѧ¿Æ½ÌÓýÖÊÁ¿ºÍÈ˲ÅÅàÓýˮƽ£¬´Ù½ø¹ã´ó¼ÆËã»ú½ÌÓýÁìÓò´ÓÒµÕßÔÚ¼ÆËã»ú½ÌÓý·½ÃæµÄ¾Ñé½»Á÷£¬¼°Ê±·´Ó¦Ð¹¤¿Æ½¨Éè±³¾°Ï¼ÆËã»ú½ÌÓý·¢Õ¹Óë¸Ä¸ï³É¹û£¬±¾ÂÛÌ³ÌØÑûÎåλ½²Õß×÷Ïà¹Ø±¨¸æ¡£
½üЩÄêÀ´£¬ÑԱسơ°´´Ð¡±¡£ÔÚ´óѧºÍ¿ÆÑе¥Î»À·¢±íÂÛÎļ¸ºõ³ÉÁË¡°´´Ð¡±µÄ´úÃû´Ê£¬¼ÆËã»ú½çÆÀ¡°½ÜÇà¡±ËÆºõÑݱä³Éͳ¼ÆCCFµÄAÀà»áÒéÎÄÕ¡£¶Ô´´ÐµÄÕâÖÖÆ¬ÃæÒýµ¼²»½öÑÏÖØ³å»÷¹¤³Ì½ÌÓý£¬¶øÇÒ»áʹһ´úÈË×ßÈëÆç;¡£¼ÆËã»ú½çÄËÖÁÕû¸ö¹ú¼Ò¶¼ÐèÒªÖØÐÂÀí½â¡°´´Ð¡±µÄÕæÕýº¬Ò塣˹̹¸£´óѧµÄлµÂÝ¥½ÌÊÚ×î½ü³ö°æÁËÒ»±¾Êé¡¶ÖØÐ¶¨Ò崴С·£¬Ëû½«´´Ð·ÖΪÈýÀà:ʼ´´Ð¡¢Á÷´´ÐºÍÔ´´´Ð¡£ÎÒÃÇͨ³£½²µÄÔʼ´´Ð±¾Éí²¢Ã»Óо¼Ã¼ÛÖµ£¬Ö»ÄÜ´øÀ´´¥·¢Á÷´´ÐºÍÔ´´´ÐµĻú»á¡£Ô´´´ÐÂͨ¹ýÅàÓýÖ§³ÖÐÂÀíÄîµÄÐÂÉú̬ϵͳ¿ªÍØÐÂÊг¡£¬ÊÇÓ¦ÓÿƼ¼ÄÜÁ¦µÄ´´ÐºͿª±ÙδÀ´µÄ´´Ð¡£ÎÒÈÏΪÁ÷´´ÐºÍÔ´´´Ð±¾ÖÊÉ϶¼Êǹ¤³Ì¿Æ¼¼´´Ð¡£¹¤³Ì½ÌÓý×öºÃÁË£¬ÎÒ¹úµÄ¡°Ë«´´¡±È˲žͻáÔ´Ô´²»¶ÏÓ¿ÏÖ³öÀ´
Ëæ×ÅÐÅÏ¢²úÒµµÄÅ·¢Õ¹£¬¸÷¹úÀͶ¯Á¦Êг¡¶Ô¼ÆËã»úÈ˲ŵÄÐèÇóÔ½À´Ô½´ó£¬Î´À´¼ÆËã»úÈ˲Ž«³ÉΪ¾¼ÃÔö³¤µÄÖØÒªÍÆ¶¯Á¦¡£¼ÆËã»ú½ÌÓýÄËÖÁ¸ü¹ã·ºÒâÒåÉϵļÆËã½ÌÓý£¬¹ØÏµµ½¹ú¼ÒδÀ´¿Æ¼¼¾ºÕùÁ¦£¬ÒѳÉΪȫÃñµÄ»ù´¡½ÌÓýѧ¿Æ£¬±»ÊÀ½ç¸÷¹ú¹ã·ºÖØÊÓ¡£ÈçͬÏȽøµÄ¼ÆËã»úÀíÂۺͼ¼Êõ´ó¶àÊ×ÏÈ·¢±íÓÚÏà¹ØÑ§Êõ»áÒéÒ»Ñù£¬¼ÆËã»ú½ÌÓýÁìÓòµÄ»áÒé¶Ô½ÌѧҲÆðµ½Á˷dz£ÖØÒªµÄÒýÁì×÷Óᣱ¾ÎÄͨ¹ý¸ÅÒª½éÉÜACM SIGCSE×éÖ¯µÄ¼¸¸öÖØÒªµÄ¼ÆËã»ú½ÌÓý»áÒ飬»Ø¹Ë¹ú¼Ê¼ÆËã»ú½ÌÓýÓë¼ÆËã»ú½ÌÓýÑо¿ÁìÓòµÄÈô¸ÉÀï³Ì±®Ê¼þ£¬Õ¹Ê¾½üÄêÀ´Ïà¹ØÁìÓòµÄ¹ú¼Ê×îж¯Ì¬ºÍÖØÒª³É¹û£¬ÊáÀí×Ô1956ÄêÒÔÀ´ÎÒ¹ú¼ÆËã»ú½ÌÓý¼°¼ÆËã»ú½ÌÓý¿ÆÑÐÁìÓòµÄ·¢Õ¹ÂöÂ磬չÏÖÎÒ¹ú¼ÆËã»ú½ÌÓý¹¤×÷ÕߵűÏס£
¡°¼ÆËã˼ά¡±Ö÷Ìâ¿ÉÒÔ·ÖΪÁ½¸öÖ÷Òª×ÓÁìÓò¡£µÚÒ»ÖÖÊÇÎÒÃÇÊÔͼÏòÄêÇáµÄ¼ÆËã»ú¿ÆÑ§¼ÒºÍ¹¤³Ìʦ¹àÊäµÄ¼ÆËã˼ά£¬ËüÊÇÒ»ÖÖ±à³ÌµÄÈÏÖªÄÜÁ¦£¬ÊÇͨ¹ý¼ÆËãÊÖ¶ÎÌáÈ¡ÎÊÌâ²¢½â¾öÎÊÌâµÄ»ù±¾·½·¨¡£µÚ¶þÖÖ¼ÆËã˼ά½ö½öÊǰïÖúÎÒÃǵĺ¢×ÓÕÆÎÕÓ¦¶Ô¸´ÔÓµÄÏÖ´úÉú»îËùÐè¼¼ÄܵÄÒ»ÖÖ·½Ê½¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬ÕâÖÖ˼ά·½Ê½²»Ó¦Óë¼ÆËã»ú¿ÆÑ§¼ÒµÄ˼ά·½Ê½Ïà»ìÏý¡£ÎÒÃÇ´´ÔìÁËÒ»¸ö»·¾³£¬ÒªÇóÈËÃÇÒÔеķ½Ê½Ë¼¿¼£¬µ«²¢²»Ò»¶¨ÒªÇóËûÃÇÏñÎÒÃÇÒ»Ñù˼¿¼¡£
³ÉÁ¢ÓÚ1965ÄêµÄ˹̹¸£´óѧ¼ÆËã»úϵ£¬Æù½ñÒÑÓÐ50ÄêµÄÀúÊ·¡£ÏÖ¸Ãϵ´óÃû¶¦¶¦£¬ÒѳÉΪÊÀ½ç¶¥¼âµÄ¼ÆËã»úϵ֮һ¡£¸ÃϵһֱӵÓÐÇ¿´óµÄ½ÌÊÚ¶ÓÎ飬±ÈÈçÈËÃÇÊìÖªµÄ¸ßµÂÄÉ(DonaldKnuth)¡¢ÇÇ·ðÀ¶ò¶ûÂü(JeffreyUllman)¡¢Ô¼º²¡¤Âó¿¨Îý(John McCarthy)µÈ¶¼ÔøÔÚ´ËÈν̡£´ËÍâ£¬Ò»Ð©ÖøÃû¸ß¿Æ¼¼¹«Ë¾µÄ´´Ê¼ÈËÒ²±ÏÒµÓÚ´Ë£¬ÈçÖøÃûµÄ¹È¸è´´Ê¼ÈËÀÀÅ寿(LarryPage)ºÍл¶û¸Ç¡¤²¼ÁÖ(Sergey Brin)¡£20ÊÀ¼Í90Äê´úÔø¾ÈçÈÕÖÐÌìµÄÌ«Ñô¼ÆËã»úϵͳ(SunMicrosystems)£¬ÆäÃû³Æ¾ÍÀ´×Ô˹̹¸£´óÑ§ÍøÂ硣˹̹¸£´óѧ¼ÆËã»úϵÿÄê¶¼»áÏò¸÷´ó¿Æ¼¼¹«Ë¾ºÍ¸ßУÊäËÍÓÅÐã±ÏÒµÉú£¬¼¸ºõËùÓÐѧÉú¶¼ÓÐÄÜÁ¦ÔÚ±ÏÒµºó»ñµÃÒ»¸ö10ÍòÃÀÔªÄêнÆðнµÄְλ¾É½ðɽÍåÇø(SanFranciscoBayArea)²»¶ÏÓ¿ÏÖ³öµÄ¸÷Àà¿Æ¼¼´´Òµ¹«Ë¾µÄÄêÇá´´ÒµÕßÖУ¬Ò²ÓдóÁ¿À´×ÔÓÚ˹̹¸£¼ÆËã»úרҵµÄ±¾¿ÆÉú¡£
²»Í¬´óѧ½ÌʦµÄÖ°³ÆºÍÖ°ÎñÔÚϸ½ÚÉϸ÷Óв»Í¬£¬È»¶ø¶ÔÃÀ¹úºÍ¼ÓÄôóµÄÑо¿ÐÍ´óѧµÄ¼ÆËã»úϵÀ´Ëµ£¬½ÌѧÐͽÌʦ(teaching-oriented faculty, TOF)¶¼³Ðµ£×žÙ×ãÇáÖØµÄ¹¤×÷¡£±¾ÎĵÄ9λºÏ×÷×÷Õß¶¼ÊDZ±ÃÀÑо¿ÐÍ´óѧ¼ÆËã»úѧ¿ÆµÄ½ÌѧÐͽÌʦ£¬ÆäÖÐÓм¸Î»µÄÖ°³Æ»¹ÊÇ¡°½ÌÊÚ(professor)¡±¡£ÕâÀïÎÒÃǽ«½éÉܽÌѧÐͽÌʦ¸ÚλµÄ¹¤×÷ÊÇÔõÑùµÄ;ÕâЩ½Ìʦ¶Ô½ÌѧµÄ¹±Ï×£¬ÆäÁ¬´øÐ§Ó¦ÈçºÎÓÐÖúÓÚ¿ÆÑй